Package environments
The packaging has to perform its functions in three different environments. Failure to consider all three environments during package development will result in poorly designed packages, increased costs, consumer complaints and even avoidance or rejection of the product by the customer.
1. Physical environment
This is the environment in which physical damage can be caused to the product. It includes shocks from drops, falls and bumps, damage from vibrations arising from transportation modes including road, rail, sea and air and compression and crushing damage arising from stacking during transportation or storage in warehouses, retail outlets and the home environment.
2. Ambient environment
This is the environment which surrounds the package. Damage to the product can be caused as a result of gases (particularly O2), water and water vapour, light (particularly UV radiation) and temperature, as well as micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, molds, yeasts and viruses) and macro organisms (rodents, insects, mites and
birds). Contaminants in the ambient environment such as exhaust fumes from automobiles and dust and dirt can also find their way into the product unless the package acts as an effective barrier.
3. Human environment
This is the environment in which the package interacts with people and designing packages for this environment requires knowledge of the variability of consumers capabilities including vision, strength, weakness, dexterity, memory and cognitive behaviour. Since one of the functions of the package is to communicate, it is important that the messages are clearly received by consumers. In addition, the package must contain information required by law such as, nutritional content and net weight.
To maximize its convenience or utility functions, the package should be simple to hold, open and use. For a product which is not entirely consumed when the package is first opened, the package should be resealable and retain the quality of the product until completely used. Furthermore, the package should contain a portion
size which is convenient for the intended consumers; a package which contains so much product that it deteriorates before being completely consumed clearly contains too large a portion.
The packaging has to perform its functions in three different environments. Failure to consider all three environments during package development will result in poorly designed packages, increased costs, consumer complaints and even avoidance or rejection of the product by the customer.
1. Physical environment
This is the environment in which physical damage can be caused to the product. It includes shocks from drops, falls and bumps, damage from vibrations arising from transportation modes including road, rail, sea and air and compression and crushing damage arising from stacking during transportation or storage in warehouses, retail outlets and the home environment.
2. Ambient environment
This is the environment which surrounds the package. Damage to the product can be caused as a result of gases (particularly O2), water and water vapour, light (particularly UV radiation) and temperature, as well as micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, molds, yeasts and viruses) and macro organisms (rodents, insects, mites and
birds). Contaminants in the ambient environment such as exhaust fumes from automobiles and dust and dirt can also find their way into the product unless the package acts as an effective barrier.
3. Human environment
This is the environment in which the package interacts with people and designing packages for this environment requires knowledge of the variability of consumers capabilities including vision, strength, weakness, dexterity, memory and cognitive behaviour. Since one of the functions of the package is to communicate, it is important that the messages are clearly received by consumers. In addition, the package must contain information required by law such as, nutritional content and net weight.
To maximize its convenience or utility functions, the package should be simple to hold, open and use. For a product which is not entirely consumed when the package is first opened, the package should be resealable and retain the quality of the product until completely used. Furthermore, the package should contain a portion
size which is convenient for the intended consumers; a package which contains so much product that it deteriorates before being completely consumed clearly contains too large a portion.
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